国家天文台台长、银河系三维结构团组首席研究员，中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院副院长。本科毕业于北京大学，博士毕业于美国密歇根大学，其后到哈佛大学工作，曾获得美国宇航局颁发的爱因斯坦学者奖、美国密歇根大学的优秀青年校友奖。2010年回国到国家天文台工作，2011年起在国科大任岗位教授，讲授《高等天文学》等并致力于科教融合和教学改革。 刘继峰研究员研究兴趣为致密天体和恒星的多波段观测研究，其科研成果两度入选“中国十大科技进展”。获“国家杰出青年基金”，“中青年科技创新领军人才”，“全国优秀科技工作者”，“百千万人才工程”等，2019年获首届腾讯科学探索奖，获2021年度北京市自然科学一等奖，2023年入选首届新基石研究员项目。Black holes span more than eight orders of magnitude in mass, from stellar remnants to the supermassive black holes residing in galactic nuclei. Yet how black holes form, grow, and connect across this enormous mass range remains one of the central open questions in astrophysics. In this talk, I will use three recent observational efforts to illustrate how new surveys are reshaping this question across the black-hole mass spectrum. At the stellar-mass scale, large spectroscopic and astrometric surveys are uncovering quiescent compact objects in wide binaries, beginning to fill the long-standing neutron-star--black-hole mass gap and challenge standard formation scenarios. At intermediate masses, hypervelocity stars ejected from globular clusters offer a new dynamical route to probe otherwise invisible intermediate-mass black holes. At the supermassive end, long-baseline time-domain surveys are opening a new window on close supermassive black-hole binaries through periodic variability and phase reversals, with direct relevance to the search for electromagnetic counterparts of the low-frequency gravitational-wave universe. Together, these developments point to a broader transition in black-hole studies: from discovering rare individual systems to building statistically meaningful samples that can test black-hole mass functions, formation channels, and growth pathways. With forthcoming spectroscopic, astrometric, and time-domain surveys, we may finally be able to move beyond the intuitive picture of black-hole growth and begin to quantify how black holes assemble across the full mass spectrum.